.png "Women's Right to Inheritance in Pakistan – Empowerment and Justice") |
| Women's Right to Inheritance in Pakistan – Empowerment and Justice |
Pakistan ek Islami riyasat hai aur yahan warasat ke qawaid buniyadi tor par Shari'at aur Qanoon-e-Pakistan dono par mabni hain. Miras yani warasat ka matlab hai kisi shakhs ke inteqal ke baad uski jaidad, maal, ya assaathay uske qareebi rishtedaron mein taqseem hona. Lekin badqismati se aaj bhi bohot se log, khas tor par khawateen, apne qanooni haq se mehroom rehte hain. Is blog mein hum tafseel se baat karenge ke warasat ka qanoon kya hai, kaun kaun haq daar hota hai, khawateen ke liye kya huqooq hain, aur warasat ke hawale se muqaddamat kaise daer kiye jaate hain.
Warasat ka Matlab Kya Hai?
Warasat se murad woh jaidad ya maal hai jo kisi shakhs ke inteqal ke baad uske qareebi rishtedaron mein taqseem hoti hai. Is taqseem ko Islami Shari'at aur Pakistani qanoon dono muta'ain karte hain.
Pakistan Mein Warasat Ka Qanoon Kahan Se Makhzoos Hai?
Pakistan mein warasat ke qawaid darj zail zarayeh se liye gaye hain:
- Islami Shari'at (Quran o Sunnat)
- Muslim Family Laws Ordinance 1961
- Succession Act 1925 (Ghair Muslimon ke liye)
- Enforcement of Women's Property Rights Act 2020
Islami Usool Mein Warasat Ki Taqseem Kaise Hoti Hai?
Quran Majeed mein warasat ki taqseem ka wazeh hukm diya gaya hai, jis mein betay, betiyan, waliden, shohar, biwi, aur doosray rishtedaron ke liye hissa muqarrar hai.
Betay Aur Betiyan Ka Hissa
Quran ke mutabiq:
- Betay ko beti ke muqable mein do guna hissa milta hai. (Surah An-Nisa: 11)
- Agar sirf betiyan hon aur koi betay na ho to betiyon ko kul jaidad ka do-tehai hissa milta hai.
Shohar Ya Biwi Ka Hissa
- Agar olad ho to biwi ko 1/8 (ek aathwa) hissa milta hai, warna 1/4 (chouthai).
- Shohar ko olad hone ki soorat mein 1/4 aur olad na hone ki soorat mein 1/2 hissa milta hai.
Waliden Ka Hissa
- Maan ko olad hone ki soorat mein 1/6 hissa aur na hone ki soorat mein 1/3 hissa milta hai.
- Baap ko bhi usi tarah hissa diya jata hai, aur kuch soorat mein baqi maal ka waris bhi wahi hota hai.
Khawateen Ke Warasati Huqooq
Islami aur Pakistan dono khawateen ko warasat mein mukammal haq dete hain, lekin badqismati se kai gharaanon mein unhein yeh haq diya nahi jata.
Islami Usool
Islami ne khawateen ko wazeh warasati hissa diya hai. Beti, behen, maan, aur biwi sab ke liye Quran mein hisse muqarrar kiye gaye hain.
Qanooni Tahaffuz
- Enforcement of Women's Property Rights Act 2020: Is qanoon ke mutabiq, khawateen agar apne warasati haq se mehroom hon to woh Deputy Commissioner ya adalat mein darkhwast de sakti hain.
- Adalat is mamlay ko 60 din ke andar hal karne ki paband hai.
Aam Masail Jo Khawateen Ko Darpaish Hote Hain
- Zabardasti hissa chhodne par majboor karna
- Betiyon ko hissa na dena aur sirf beton mein jaidad taqseem karna
- Shari'h hisse se kam dena
Warasat Mein Kaun Kaun Haq Daar Hota Hai?
Warasat ke darjay Quran aur Sunnat ke mutabiq darj zail hain:
- Olad (Betay, Betiyan)
- Waliden (Maan, Baap)
- Zawjeen (Shohar, Biwi)
- Bhai, Behnain (Agar olad na ho)
- Pote, Potiyaan, Nawaase, Nawaasiyan (Agar olad fot ho chuki ho)
Warasat Ki Taqseem Ka Tareeqa Kar
1. Warasati Certificate (Succession Certificate)
Warasat hasil karne ke liye sab se pehle warasati certificate hasil karna zaroori hai. Yeh NADRA ya civil court se hasil kiya ja sakta hai.
2. NADRA Ka Digital Tareeqa
- NADRA ne digital warasati certificate ke liye system banaya hai.
- Darkhwast guzar NADRA mein darkhwast de kar 15 din ke andar tasdeeq karwa sakta hai.
3. Adalat Ka Tareeqa
- Agar jaidad ya assaathay pechida hon to adalat mein Succession Petition daer karni parti hai.
- Tamam warison ko notice diye jaate hain, a'itraaz ki soorat mein muqaddama chalta hai.
Warasat Se Mutaliq Aam Ghalat Fehmiyaan
- Khawateen ko jaidad se hissa nahi milta – Yeh bilkul ghalat hai, Quran aur qanoon dono unka haq tasleem karte hain.
- Zabaani taqseem kaafi hai – Qanooni tor par har taqseem ka saboot hona chahiye (registered, intiqal waghera)
- Hisse chhodna sawab hai – Islam kisi ko apne haq se zabardasti mehroom karne ki ijaazat nahi deta.
Warasat Na Dene Par Qanooni Karwai
Agar kisi waris ko iska haq na diya jaye to woh qanooni chara jooi kar sakta hai:
- Khawateen ho to Enforcement of Women’s Property Rights Act ke tehat darkhwast de sakti hain.
- Civil court mein warasati daawa daer kiya ja sakta hai.
- FIR darj karayi ja sakti hai agar dhoka dhehi ya jali dastaveezat ka istemal kiya gaya ho.
Warasat Aur Ghair Muslim Shahris
Ghair Muslim Pakistaniyon ke liye Succession Act 1925 laagu hota hai jisme bhi qareebi rishtedaron ko warasat ka haq diya jata hai, magar iski taqseem Islami usoolon se mukhtalif ho sakti hai.
Warasat Ke Tanaza'at Ko Kaise Roka Jaaye?
- Zindagi mein wasiyat likhain aur register karwain.
- Tamam assaathay ki fehrist banain aur warthon ko usse aagah rakhein.
- Khandan ke tamam afrad ko unke qanooni hisse se aagah karain.
- Jaidad ki shafaf taqseem ke liye qareebi buzurg ya alim deen ki rehnumai hasil karain.
Nateeja
Miras ek Shari'i aur qanooni haq hai jise cheen-na ya rok-na gunaah aur jurm dono hai. Khawateen ko khas tor par is haq se aagahi hasil karna zaroori hai. Agar aap ya aap ki kisi qareebi azeza ko warasat se mehroom rakha ja raha ho to qanooni rasta apnain, adalat aur qanoon aapka saath dega.
Miras ki taqseem se khandanon mein ittehaad, insaf aur aman qaim hota hai. Aaiye hum sab mil kar in huqooq ka ehtiram karain, aagahi phailain, aur insaf ko farog dein.